
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness
(ISKCON) is the religious organization for devotees of Krishna
(also spelled Krsna). Their religion is commonly known as
Hare Krishna, because of the first two words of their principle
mantra:
"Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna,
Krishna, Hare, Hare, Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama, Rama, Hare,
Hare."
Krishna means "The All-Attractive,"
Hare addresses the energy of God, and Rama means "The
Greatest Pleasure." These names of God and the Hare
Krishna Mantra are derived from ancient Indian texts of
knowledge called Vedas.
The Tilaka mark appears on the foreheads of
all followers of Hare Krishna. The two stripes signify the
lotus feet of Krishna; the leaf in the center represents
holy basil, or Tulasi which traditionally adorns His feet.
ISKCON and Hinduism both trace their beginnings
to the Vedas and to the Bhagavad-gita text. Whereas mainstream
Hinduism regards Krishna to be the 8th incarnation of Vishnu
(the Preserver and one of the Hindu trinity of deities),
ISKCON regards Krishna to be the supreme Lord over all deities,
including Vishnu. They are therefore a monotheistic faith
group, one that stresses bhakti, the way of devotion.
The roots of the faith can be traced back
to the advent of Krishna, 5000 years ago in a village in
India called Vrindavana. The faith has been revived in recent
history by the 16th Century Guru Caitanya Mahaprabu who
is regarded by the Hare Krishnas as an incarnation of Krishna
in the form of His own devotee. He taught that Lord Krishna
was the principle deity, God Himself, and that everyone
can regain a personal relationship with Krishna through
sankirtana (congregational chanting of God's names, specifically
the Hare Krishna Mantra). This tradition was continued by
a line of Gurus including (early in this century) Srila
Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Gosvami Maharaj.
Abhay Charan De, a disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta,
adopted the name Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, left India
at the age of 69 and came to the United States to proselytize.
Prabhupada (The Master) organized ISKCON in 1965. During
its early years, it was largely financed through the sale
of incense and Prabhupada's books published by the Bhaktivedanta
Book Trust. One of the "Beatles", George Harrison,
donated a mansion near London and produced an album featuring
the Hare Krishna Mantra. After 12 years of prolific writing
and successful promotion of Krishna Consciousness, the Master
died in 1977. His main writings were word-for-word translations
and commentaries on the Bhagavad-gita ("The Song of
God"), the Bhagavata Purana ("The History of God
and His Devotees"), and the Caitanya Caritamrita ("The
Life and Teachings of Caitanya Mahaprabhu.") Before
his death, he appointed eleven commissioners (some sources
incorrectly say 20) who were assigned to accept disciples
and extend the organization into different countries of
the world.
Their head office is in Los Angeles. They
currently have a stable membership of over one million members
worldwide. Their publish a magazine called Back to Godhead.
ISKCON Beliefs:
Their beliefs share much with conventional
Hinduism. Their sacred text is the Hindu poem Bhagavad-Gita
which contains conversations between Lord Krishna and a
soldier Arjuna. A common ISKCON expression is "We are
not this body." That is, we are all spirit souls who
are temporarily trapped in a material body and its cares
and woes. Their goal is to break away from samsara (endless
repetitive reincarnations) and return to the kingdom of
God.
Their main differences from mainline Hinduism
are:
Liberation from samsara is attained through
sankirtana, which is congregational singing of God's names,
which leads to Krishna Consciousness.
Krishna is worshipped as the Supreme God;
they believe that one can attain a personal relationship
with Him. Jesus Christ is recognized as a directly empowered
representative of Krishna.
Hell as a temporary destination after death
for people who have sinned greatly while on earth.
Devotees need a spiritual master, who is in
a line of succession from the guru Caitanya (or one of three
other lines of disciple succession who worship Krishna as
the Supreme God.)
Eating food prepared for and offered to God
is an act of communion with Krishna. When such food is eaten,
Krishna's energy purifies the body of the devotee.
Their "Nine Processes of Devotional
Service" are:
- Hearing about God .
- Chanting the names of God .
- Remembering God by reading, associating with devotees.
- Serving the Lord Krishna in the temple.
- Worshiping God by preparation of food, decorating the
Lord, bringing others to see Him.
- Praying to God.
- Encouraging others to chant the names of God.
- Develop a close personal and intimate relationship with
God.
- Giving everything we have to God including our bodies.
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